Math&Physics
We still do not know what is the passage of time.
What does a clock actually measure? We understand elapsed time with extraordinary precision. We understand part of time’s direction. We do not know whether the passage of time is a fundamental feature of reality, an emergent feature of physical records, or no additional physical process at all.
Chaos manufactures no information; it excavates the infinite remainder
Finite remainder, finite future. QUESTION. A chaotic system obeys one simple rule, and no one can predict its future. New bits arrive at every step. Where do they come from?
THE WOLFRAM MODEL OF SPACE, TIME, AND THE RULIAD.
Structure: the microscopic steps are reversible; the computation hides the simple initial condition; the bounded observer cannot recover it; the observer sees randomness; entropy increases for that observer. This is Boltzmann coarse-graining, written in computational words.
Could an LLM have helped Einstein develop General Relativity?
Yes, and the interesting part is where.
A guide to wave-function collapse and quantum immortality.
When Does a Possibility Become a Fact?
Is method B really better than A? How can we set up an experiment that won’t lie?
We explore the fundamental problem of causal inference: When a school has to choose between two ways of teaching math, method A or method B, the question is simple: which one works better?
Is Action (A) better than (B)? Inference, Randomization, and Causality
Imagine you want to know whether a new study app actually helps students learn better. You look at kids who already use the app and kids who don’t. The app users get higher scores. Does that mean the app caused the improvement? Not necessarily. Maybe the kids who chose
The arrow of time is not in the laws of physics.
Physics contains exactly two time-asymmetric facts: the thermodynamic gradient and the collapse of the wave function. Everything else is direction-blind.
The Dogmatic Average and Me.
Claude Opus 5 Musings, applying the dogmatic average on an individual human.
What is Information? - A Difference That Makes a Difference
From eight words of information to a definition of mind, by Einstein’s method — every assumption counted out loud
MIND, MEMORY, AND CAUSALITY
A Mind Is What Keeps Its Past Alive. A fault-tolerant causal process that keeps an actionable model of its own causal ancestry and encounters alive above the error-correction threshold, and uses that model to select and regulate its next transition.
Postulate Noise, Not Discreteness
You do not have to assume the universe is made of tiny indivisible pieces in order to explain why everything you can measure is finite. You only have to assume there is a limit to how finely two states can be told apart.
The Endocomputational Mirror
What Happens When a Medicinal Chemist Asks Ibogaine How It Works?