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Determinism says the future is already stored in the present.
But randomness in the strongest sense, says the future is nowhere at all.
The Seed Canonical Question - Can Finite Evidence Certify Randomness?
Can finite evidence ever certify that an observed event was not predetermined? This essay argues that the answer is conditional rather than absolute. Certification is possible only relative to a restricted and exhaustible class of competing deterministic explanations. If the admissible deterministic alternatives remain inexhaustible, every finite observational record leaves
What Randomness Is, and What Finite Evidence Can Say: The Evidence Boundary
Can any observer, using finite observations and experiments, determine whether the events of its world are genuinely undetermined, rather than the output of some hidden deterministic mechanism?
Randomness, Determinism, and What Finite Observers Can Justifiably Infer.
The Evidence Boundary - Can an observer determine whether the events in its world are genuinely indeterministic, rather than the outputs of an unknown deterministic mechanism?